GMAT考什么?很多人都了解過,考語文,考數(shù)學(xué)……,再具體些,考語法、考閱讀……但是也有人總會(huì)說,GMAT其實(shí)考的是邏輯。確實(shí),邏輯是Verbal中的一個(gè)單項(xiàng),官名叫做Critical Reasoning. 就是一般我們說的邏輯題。但是,GMAT考查的邏輯,不僅僅局限于邏輯題,在各種題型中,都多多少少滲透了邏輯的思考方式。 比如語法中的有些題目,通過Grammar規(guī)則,就可以直接選出了,非常簡(jiǎn)單。 例題1 Most efforts to combat such mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue have focused either on the vaccination of humans or on exterminating mosquitoes with pesticides. (A) like malaria and dengue have focused either on the vaccination of humans or on exterminating (B) like malaria and dengue have focused either on vaccinating of humans or on the extermination of (C) as malaria and dengue have focused on either vaccinating humans or on exterminating (D) as malaria and dengue have focused on either vaccinating of humans or on extermination of (E) as malaria and dengue have focused on either vaccinating humans or exterminating 展開全文句子主干:Most efforts…h(huán)ave focused either on…or on… 原句主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)、平行方面都沒有太大問題,但是兩個(gè)點(diǎn)可以選出正確答案。 一是idiom。GMAT規(guī)定舉例用such as,不要用like。很多不了解這個(gè)規(guī)則的同學(xué),就會(huì)覺得這個(gè)偏好很奇葩,但是了解的同學(xué),則直接會(huì)忽略AB選項(xiàng)。二是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。CDE中只有E能滿足either…or…之間的平行要求。 這個(gè)題,我們?cè)谧龅臅r(shí)候幾乎不會(huì)太考慮句子的邏輯語義,又或者說,句意過于直白簡(jiǎn)單,沒有人會(huì)理解不來。所以這樣的題目,語法層面就可以搞定。但還有些題目,就不這么簡(jiǎn)單了。 例題2 Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays, reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer. (A) has long appeared that it was immune from (B) has long appeared to have been immune from (C) has long appeared as being immune to (D) had long appeared immune to (E) had long appeared that it was immune to 這個(gè)題目,有不少同學(xué)都會(huì)做錯(cuò)。拋開GMAT的語法規(guī)則,其實(shí)基本的時(shí)態(tài)大家都還是知道的,這個(gè)題目中有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)出現(xiàn),大家對(duì)于這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分就要很清楚。
句子主干:Ozone, …, reaches high concentrations…, where… ; we have now realized that 因?yàn)槭遣⒘芯洌昂髢蓚€(gè)句子互相獨(dú)立,語義略有關(guān)聯(lián)。單獨(dú)看后一句,時(shí)態(tài)不能看出有問題,但是結(jié)合前一句的語義,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)矛盾。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),有兩層含義:一是某個(gè)持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,在過去發(fā)生并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,與現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了關(guān)聯(lián);二是某個(gè)瞬間性的動(dòng)作,在過去發(fā)生并且結(jié)束,但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響。 不管怎么說,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),跟現(xiàn)在是有關(guān)聯(lián)的。而過去完成時(shí),則主要是為了體現(xiàn)過去的過去,也就是過去有兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生,要強(qiáng)調(diào)有一個(gè)是早于另一個(gè),時(shí)間上有先后,才有了一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的差別。 這個(gè)題目中,一句中Ozone has long appeared that it was immune from human influence,意思就是到目前為主都不受人的影響。但是下一句we have now realized that…又說明我們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到其實(shí)是受人的影響的。都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),兩個(gè)語義就存在矛盾。 在這樣的語境下,只能選擇過去完成時(shí),即語義是說,在過去的過去是不受影響的,但是從過去某時(shí)間開始,截止到目前,我們有了意識(shí),知道其實(shí)是受影響的。到這一步,DE二選一,毫無疑問是選D了。 通過上面兩道題,相信大家對(duì)GMAT考試中的邏輯思維也有了一定理解。所以同學(xué)們?cè)谧稣Z法題時(shí),對(duì)原句的語義理解也不要掉以輕心。語法看上去是死的,但是很多時(shí)候是跟邏輯語義緊密關(guān)聯(lián),有不少情況下,是語義決定了語法的表現(xiàn)形式。