連接詞是英語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)重要組成部分,它們連接英語(yǔ)的句子和段落,使文章流暢自然,使英語(yǔ)句子與句子之間,段落與段落之間的關(guān)系一目了然。英語(yǔ)中連接詞分為兩大類:連詞性連接詞(即連詞)和副詞性連接詞。接下來(lái)跟小編一起來(lái)看看吧。 一、連詞性連接詞(連詞) 連詞用來(lái)連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)或句子與句子。連詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,也沒(méi)有詞形變化。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。 (一)并列連詞 并列連詞用來(lái)連接句子中擔(dān)任相同成分的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句。常見(jiàn)的有七個(gè)單詞和四個(gè)短語(yǔ):and, but, or, for(因?yàn)?, nor, so, yet; both…and…, not only….but also…., either…or…., neither…nor 1. and用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或分句,表示并列或?qū)ΨQ關(guān)系: The man put on his coat and hat, and went out of the office. 那個(gè)人穿上外衣、戴上帽子,走出了辦公室。 A car and a dictionary are both useful. 汽車(chē)和字典都有用處。 I went home and John stayed there. 我回家了,而約翰呆在那里。 2. but連接兩個(gè)含義不同甚至相反的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句,表示轉(zhuǎn)折: Not everybody is honest and hardworking, but Tom is. 并非每個(gè)人都跟湯姆一樣誠(chéng)實(shí)肯干。 We tried to persuade her to do it but failed. 我們嘗試去說(shuō)服她,但沒(méi)有成功。 3. or表示兩者居其一,表示選擇: Which VCD player is better, this one or that one? 哪個(gè)VCD更好,這個(gè)還是那個(gè)? Are you hungry or not? 你餓了沒(méi)有? 4 .for(因?yàn)?只能放在表示結(jié)過(guò)的分句后面,引導(dǎo)表示原因的分句: I must be going, for it’s getting dark. 我必須走了,因?yàn)樘旌诹恕?#13; He didn’t go there, for he was ill. 他沒(méi)到那兒去,因?yàn)樗×恕?#13; 5. both…and…只能用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的詞或短語(yǔ),不能連接句子: His plan is both easy and practical. 他的計(jì)劃既容易又實(shí)用。 Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 張藝謀是一位在國(guó)內(nèi)外都著名的導(dǎo)演。 Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 這架飛機(jī)的機(jī)身和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都是制造的。 6. not only…but also…不但能連接詞和短語(yǔ),而且還能連接分句,also 有時(shí)省略(注意not only 位于句首時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)需要倒裝): He is not only an actor but also a writer. 他不僅是演員,而且是作家。 He not only read it but also remembered what he had read. 他不但讀過(guò),而且記住了所有讀過(guò)的東西。 Not only did he say it but (also) he did it. 他不但說(shuō)了,而且做了。(倒裝) Not only do the nurses want a pay rise, but also they want reduced hours. 護(hù)士們不但要求加工資,而且還要求縮短工時(shí)。(倒裝) 7. either…or…表示選擇,“或者…或者…”、“不是….就是…”的意思(注意either…or…整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句子中的動(dòng)詞通常要和鄰近的主語(yǔ)相一致): Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你錯(cuò)了,就是我錯(cuò)了。 Either you or he is going to get the job. 不是你就是他將獲得這份工作。 Can I borrow either your car or your bike? 我可以借用你的汽車(chē)或者自行車(chē)嗎? If you’re late, you should make an apology to the host either immediately or later. 如果遲到了,你應(yīng)該立即或事后向主人道歉。 8. neither…nor…表示“既不….又不…”的意思(注意neither…nor…整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常要和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致): Neither the students nor I am ready yet. 學(xué)生們和我都還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。 He worked neither for fame nor for money. 他干工作既不圖名又不圖利。 The girl could neither speak nor write the language. 這個(gè)女孩既不會(huì)說(shuō)也不會(huì)寫(xiě)那種語(yǔ)言。 9. so(因此),引導(dǎo)表示結(jié)過(guò)的分句,原因分句在前(與for相反): It’s getting dark, so I must be going. 天黑了,因此我得走了。 I had a headache, so I went to bed early last night. 我頭痛,于是昨晚很早就睡了。 10. yet (然而),有時(shí)和and 一起用,表示吃驚、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,相當(dāng)于but at the same time, however, nevertheless: She’s a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. 她是個(gè)瘋瘋癲癲的女孩,然而你卻禁不住喜歡她。 He worked hard, yet he failed. 他很努力,然而卻失敗了。 It’s strange, yet it’s true. 這事有點(diǎn)怪,卻是真的。 It is only a little shop and yet it always has such lovely decorations. 那只是個(gè)小店,卻總是有漂亮的裝飾。 (二)從屬連詞:引導(dǎo)從句 1. 連詞that, if, whether,連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose以及連接副詞how, when, why, where可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞從句,充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。非正式文體中的賓語(yǔ)從句常省略that: I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我認(rèn)為他一小時(shí)后就會(huì)回來(lái)。 Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他們是誰(shuí)沒(méi)什么大關(guān)系。 Can you tell me where he is? 你能告訴我他在哪兒?jiǎn)? He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問(wèn)我是否認(rèn)識(shí)約翰。 此外,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等還可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 連詞when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的時(shí)候,和我打了招呼。 I’ll wait here until you come back. 我將在這里等你回來(lái)。 3. 連詞if, unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;because, as, since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句: I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我,我就幫助她。 I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我,否則我不會(huì)幫她。 He didn’t come because he was ill. 因?yàn)樗×?,所以沒(méi)來(lái)。 As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn),我們就先開(kāi)始吧。 Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了,咱們就開(kāi)始吧。 4. 連詞in order than, so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句;so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句: I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把門(mén)鎖上了,以便我們可以繼續(xù)討論而不受打擾。 The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽車(chē)跑得那么快,我沒(méi)看清誰(shuí)坐在里面。 5. 連詞than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用來(lái)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句: He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的教育好。 He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一樣好。 He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他沒(méi)有他兄弟受的教育好。 6. 連詞although, though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;where, wherever 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句: I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪兒,我就去那兒。 Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 盡管她富有,但她并不幸福。
Stay where you are! 原地別動(dòng)! 一般來(lái)說(shuō),連詞性質(zhì)的連接詞連接兩個(gè)分句或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句,兩個(gè)分句或主從復(fù)合句之間用逗號(hào)連接。 二、副詞性連接詞 副詞性質(zhì)的連接詞不能象連詞一樣分句或主從復(fù)合句之間用逗號(hào)連接。也就是說(shuō)它們不能連接兩個(gè)分句或引導(dǎo)從句。它們引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的句子之間要用分號(hào)或句號(hào),而它們與引導(dǎo)的句子之間往往用逗號(hào)。副詞性質(zhì)的連接詞在寫(xiě)作中常常使用,主要分為以下幾類: 1. 表示順序的,如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等,尤其要注意then: 誤:He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job. 正:He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.(=He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.) 2. 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的,如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 與in addition to 的區(qū)別:in addition 是副詞性質(zhì);而in addition to 是介詞性質(zhì),后面必須接賓語(yǔ) 3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的,如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 當(dāng)成連詞: 誤:In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD), however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far. 正:In 2003, the United States launched the war on Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). However, no WMD has been found in Iraq sofar.